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The causes of back pain

The most likely causes of back pain

Pain is a symptom that occurs with almost any disease.Among them, back pain is distinguished, like some of the most common.

Pain can be very diverse:

  • Sharp;
  • Chronic;
  • Spread to the neighboring area.

The causes may be diseases of internal organs, blood vessels, mechanical damage.

Characterization of pain in the back

Depending on when it appeared, there is an acute and chronic pain, which has a different intensity:

  • Light;
  • Strong;
  • Piercing;
  • Aching;
  • Burning;
  • With or without irradiation.

Its character can be:

  • Repeating;
  • Constant;
  • Random.

Back pain associated with pathologies of the spine can be accompanied by the following symptoms:

  • A feeling of light tingling ("running goosebumps").
  • Feeling of weakness.
  • Numbness of the limbs, if there is a pinching of certain cerebrospinal nerves.
  • The lethargy of the arms or legs, which depends on the degree of damage.
  • Nun of the scrotum and a decrease in its sensitivity.

In severe conditions associated, for example, to the cerebrospinal gear, in which the cerebrospinal spines are damaged, a violation of the normal functioning of the bladder may occur:

  • Urine incontinence;
  • Delay in urination;
  • The difficult start of urination.

The causes of pain

The most common cause is irritation of cerebrospinal nerve roots.With damage to the spine, the pain happens:

  • Cervical;
  • Thoracic;
  • Lumbar;
  • The sacral.

Neck

The causes and treatment of back pain in the neck

The neck is a mobile and least protected spine.The pain in the neck can occur due to many reasons:

  • Impaired muscle function;
  • Ligament damage;
  • Long stay in an uncomfortable position;
  • During sports;
  • Overvoltage with prolonged seat.

The pain in the neck is most often periodic, but it happens that it occurs due to serious violations, such as:

  • Damage to disks;
  • Injuries;
  • A fracture of the vertebrae in which a violation of blood movement for the brain occurs.

But the most common reason in which the neck hurts is a prolonged sitting in an uncomfortable and unnatural position, as well as in a dream, due to overstrain of the cervical muscles.

Injuries

The neck is the most mobile spine.Therefore, when injuries during an accident, sporting events, in everyday life, the neck most often suffers.And when taking a severe injury associated with a fracture of the vertebrae, there is a threat of damage to the spinal cord, which can lead to paralysis of the whole body.

Convulsions

This is the name of strong and prolonged muscle contractions that can cause pain due to compression of the nerve endings.If a spasm continues for a long period of time, a violation of blood flow occurs in the muscles, which negatively affects the metabolism, as a result of which the accumulation of lactic acid in muscle tissues occurs.In this case, irritation of the nerve endings occurs, pain occurs.

Spondylarthrosis

spondylarthrosis as the causes of back pain

With this pathology, deforming the edges of the vertebrae and ossification at the place of attachment to them of the ligaments, which reduces the mobility of the spine.A similar disease is found in almost all people during the aging of the body.

In the vast majority of cases, spondylarthrosis is asymptomatic, but moderate pains may occur, which practically do not affect the motor activity of a person and do not reduce performance.

A sign of spondylarthrosis of the cervical spine is pain:

  • Collar zone;
  • Cervical region;
  • In the back of the head;
  • Between the shoulder blades.

It is caused by irritation of receptors located inside the ligaments in the intervertebral discs or with direct effects on the nerve roots.

Back pain between the shoulder blades

The cause of pain in the interlopath region may be:

  • Osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine;
  • Hernia of intervertebral discs;
  • Spondylarthrosis;
  • Intercostal neuralgia;
  • Myositis of the spinal muscles;
  • Stomach ulcer;
  • Pneumonia.

Back pain above the lower back

  • Osteochondrosis;
  • Displacement (damage) of the intervertebral disc;
  • Stretching of the muscles of the back;
  • Myositis (right or left);
  • Long stay in an uncomfortable position;
  • Irradiation for heart diseases;
  • Renal diseases.

Back pain below the lower back

  • Primary, metastatic tumor of the vertebrae, retroperitoneal space, spinal cord;
  • Call fracture;
  • Scoliosis;
  • Infection of intervertebral discs and vertebrae:
    • Brucellosis.
    • Tuberculosis.
    • Epidural abscess.
  • Non -infectious diseases:
    • Reiner syndrome.
    • Ankylosing spondylitis.
    • Rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Reflected pain in the pathologies of the pelvic organs and gynecological infectious diseases:
    • Gonorrhea.
    • Adnexitis.
    • Chlamydia.
    • Trichomoniasis.

The lower back pain can be acute, chronic, and its causes can be not only problems with the spine, but also radiated from internal organs, intestines and so on.

Pain in the sacrum

The pain in the sacrum can be associated with the pathologies described above.In addition, other symptoms characteristic of this area may appear:

  • Urination problems (delay, incontinence);
  • Defecation problems (diarrhea, constipation).

Diagnostics

differential diagnosis of back pain

To identify the reasons why the back hurts, a comprehensive examination should be carried out, since one symptoms are not enough.

At the initial examination, the doctor listens to the patient's complaints, finds out exactly where it hurts.Next, the history of diseases is studied, whether there were previously similar complaints, what treatment was carried out.

It is important to establish whether the cause of the pain in the back was raising weights, finding in harmful conditions, the presence of allergies and a family history.

Further, the doctor can direct to the following studies:

  • X -ray diagnostics.
  • MRI.
  • Computer tomography.
  • Myelography.
  • Electromyelography.
  • Spinal puncture.

Treatment of back pain

As a rule, when such pain appears, it is not necessary to immediately seek medical assistance, everything can go through by itself in a few days.

But with the appearance of acute pain, accompanied by disorders in urination, weakness, decreased sensitivity in the limbs, sharp weight loss, the medical institution should be visited immediately.

In case of injury, it is recommended to attach a cold compress to the affected area, which will facilitate inflammation, reduce swelling, slow down the transmission of pain from bruis.

Within 10-14 days, you can use painkillers from back pain.

With severe pain, painkillers based on drugs can be discharged, but they should be prescribed very carefully, as they can cause addiction.

Hormonal drugs (corticosteroids) are used in the absence of the effect of painkillers and non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs.

Massage

It is widely used both for prevention and the treatment of various diseases in the following areas of medicine:

  • Therapy;
  • Surgery;
  • Neurology;
  • Orthopedics and so on.

After the course of therapeutic massage, an improvement in blood microcirculation occurs, fatigue undergoes, pain decreases, the muscles of the skeleton relax.There are many varieties of massage, and what kind of preference to give, the doctor must decide.

Physiotherapy

Treatment is performed by using a variety of physical factors:

  • Low or high temperature;
  • Magnetic field;
  • Ultrasound;
  • Electricity;
  • Laser rays;
  • Ultraviolet radiation;
  • Therapeutic mud;
  • Water procedures.

Physiotherapeutic treatment is recognized as the most preferable, it has high efficiency, safety and accessibility.

Manual therapy

Treatment of back pain is carried out by exposure to the hands of a manual therapist on the human body, which allows the correction of joints and spine.In a similar way, scoliosis, osteochondrosis, neurology are treated, and post -traumatic rehabilitation is performed.

Acupuncture

This method of treatment came to us from Chinese medicine, in which needles are introduced into special points on the human body, thereby causing a positive therapeutic effect.

Acupuncture

The method is also associated with the impact on human points, but unlike the previous method, they are affected by fingers.

Medical physical education

This method is based on the implementation of special exercises, subject to the following rules:

  • Slow execution.
  • Gradual increase in load.
  • Performing exercises until a slight pain begins to feel.
  • With sharpened back pain, the exercises are done lying down, thereby reducing the load on the intervertebral discs.

Hydrotherapy

This method of treating back pain is the most ancient, and is based on the use of water to recover a person.To do this, use streams of water, contrast shower, immersion in water and wiping with a towel moistened with water.

Clinical trials showed that hydrotherapy, with its regular use, can reduce back pain, joints.

Surgical treatment

It is carried out in the absence of a positive effect of treating the back pain with the above methods.

Types of the most common operations:

  • Laminectomy.The part of the vertebra is removed to prevent compression of the nerve root.In the nerve, blood supply is restored due to an increase in free space, irritation decreases and pain subsides.
  • Spondylodez.The purpose of the operation is to reduce the pain between the contacting surfaces of the vertebrae, for which a bone transplant is installed between them.Such an operation is carried out with a tumor or fractures of the vertebrae, osteochondrosis of the spine.

Back pain prevention

It should begin in childhood so that the child does not have deformation of the skeleton, since at an early age the bones is soft and supple.If the formation of the spine skeleton is not correct, subsequently a violation of posture may occur, which will further lead to the appearance of diseases and back pain.

For a preventive purpose, it is recommended to carry out hardening procedures, massage, bathing, sunbathing, corresponding to the age of the child gymnastics.An important factor is proper and balanced nutrition, as this affects the overall development of the body.

What to do if the back hurts due to a sedentary lifestyle?

How to get rid of back pain

Such a question is asked by people whose work is related to a long sitting in one place.Most often, complaints about the pain in the neck and lower back.As a rule, the cause of discomfort is insufficient equipment and inconvenience of the workplace, insufficient attention to their health of the employees themselves.

To eliminate back pain, you need:

  • Adjust the height of the chair relative to the desktop.
  • The elbows should lie on the table, while not allowing excessive flexion of the back forward.
  • The feet should be completely on the surface of the floor.
  • Bend your legs in the knees, forming an angle of 90 degrees.
  • The correct location of the monitor is at the face level.
  • The keyboard should be placed so that when printed, the bending of the spine in the cervical region is insignificant.
  • From time to time, take breaks in work, during which to make several gymnastic exercises to relieve tension in the legs and back.